The referendum is on Tuesday's ballot in Denton, which is about 40 miles north of Dallas. Though pre-existing permits would remain valid, opponents have called it a wholesale ban on drilling.

"There are good drillers and bad drillers, and people with drilling near their houses should look into which kind they have before trying to ban it," said Larry Schumacher, a paid campaigner for Denton Taxpayers for a Strong Economy, the political action committee created to defeat the measure.

Industry groups have warned the ban could be followed by litigation and a severe hit to Denton's economy.

Scores of cities in other states have considered similar bans over health and environmental concerns. But the proposal in Denton is a litmus test on whether any community in Texas — the nation's biggest oil and gas producer — can rebuff the industry and still thrive.

The rankling began when local activists submitted a petition to Denton's City Council in June with enough signatures to force a vote on the ban. Because the council rejected it, the measure went to a public vote and is on Tuesday's ballot.

"This is it. The city will uphold the ban as law" if it's approved by voters, city spokeswoman Lindsey Baker.

Supporters of the measure have raised only a fraction as much as opponents, according to the city secretary's latest political campaign reports.

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